Nyaya yekurasa marara

Chiyero chekurasa marara (chinozivikanwawo sechikamu chekurasa marara, chinorasa marara, chinorasa marara zvichingodaro.) mudziyo, unowanzoitwa nemagetsi, unoiswa pasi pesingi yekubikira pakati pedhishi resingi neriva.Nzvimbo yekurasa inotsemura marara echikafu kuita zvidimbu zvidiki zvakakwana-kazhinji zvisingasviki 2 mm (0.079 in) muhupamhi-kuti ipfuure nemupombi dzemvura.

Nhoroondo

Chikamu chekurasa marara chakagadzirwa muna 1927 naJohn W. Hammes mugadziri wemapurani anoshanda muRacine, Wisconsin.Akanyorera patent muna 1933 iyo yakabudiswa muna 1935. akamisa kambani yake akaisa disposer yake pamusika muna 1940.Chirevo chaHammes chinopokana, sezvo General Electric akaunza nzvimbo yekurasa marara muna 1935, inozivikanwa seDiposal.
Mumaguta akawanda muUnited States muma1930 nema1940, gadziriro yetsvina yekanzuru yakanga ine mitemo yairambidza kuisa tsvina yezvokudya (marara) mugadziriro yacho.John akashandisa nhamburiko huru, uye akabudirira zvikuru mukupwisa nzvimbo zhinji kuti dzibvise kurambidzwa uku.

Nzvimbo dzakawanda muUnited States dzakarambidza kushandiswa kwevanorasa.Kwemakore akawanda, vanorasa marara vakanga vasingabvumirwi nomutemo muNew York City nemhaka yengozi yaifungidzirwa yokukuvadzwa kwepombi yepombi yeguta racho.Mushure mekudzidza kwemwedzi makumi maviri nerimwe neDhipatimendi reNzvimbo Yekuchengetedzwa Kwemamiriro ekunze, kurambidzwa kwakabviswa muna 1997 nemutemo wenzvimbo 1997/071, wakagadzirisa chikamu 24-518.1, NYC Administrative Code.

Muna 2008, guta reRaleigh, North Carolina rakaedza kurambidza kutsiviwa nekuiswa kwevanorasa marara, izvo zvakawedzerawo kumaguta ari kunze achigovera masuweji eguta, asi akadzora kurambidzwa kwapera mwedzi mumwe chete.

Adoption muUSA

MuUnited States, dzimwe 50% dzedzimba dzaive nemidziyo yekurasa kubva muna 2009, zvichienzaniswa ne6% chete muUnited Kingdom uye 3% muCanada.

MuSweden, mamwe makanzuru anokurudzira kuiswa kwevanorasa marara kuitira kuti kugadzirwa kwebiogas kuwedzere.Zvimwe zviremera zvomunzvimbomo muBritain zvinopa rubatsiro rwokutenga nzvimbo dzokurasa marara kuitira kuti marara aderedzwe.

Rationale

Zvikafu zvechikafu zvinobva pa10% kusvika 20% yetsvina yemumba, uye inonetsa chikamu chemarara emanisipala, zvichigadzira hutano hweveruzhinji, hutsanana uye matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza padanho rega rega, kutanga nekuchengetera kwemukati uye kuteverwa nekuunganidzwa kwemotokari.Kupiswa mumarara-ku-energy zvivako, mvura yakawanda-yakawanda yezvikafu zvekudya zvinoreva kuti kupisa uye kupisa kwavo kunopedza simba rakawanda kudarika rinogadzira;kuvigwa mumarara, zvimedu zvekudya zvinoora uye zvinogadzira methane gasi, gasi rinopisa rinokonzera shanduko yemamiriro ekunze.

Chimiro chekushandiswa kwakakodzera kweanorasa ndeyekunyatsoona zvimedu zvechikafu semvura (avhareji 70% yemvura, setsvina yevanhu), uye kushandisa zvivakwa zviripo (pombi dzepasi pevhu uye zvidyarwa zvekuchenesa mvura) kune manejimendi ayo.Zvidyarwa zvemazuva ano zvetsvina zvinoshanda pakugadzira organic solids kuita zvigadzirwa zvefetereza (inozivikanwa sebiosolids), ine zvivakwa zvepamberi zvakare zvinotora methane yekugadzira simba.